The 11th Dimension Theory - Documentary
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String theories at this time seems to work with only 10 dimensions. It is M-theory, which evolved from work with string theory that now seems to need 11 dimensions. Four of these dimensions are our normal 3 spacial dimensions plus time.
That leaves 7 hidden dimensions if the current version of M-theory works out. Keep in mind that these are all expressed in abstract mathematics, which I can't claim to have mastered.
In attempting to explain how there can be 7 unobserved dimension in our universe, various ideas have bee suggested. First of all these dimensions can't show up at any scale currently reached with our particle accelerators. That means that any clear effects that they have must be smaller than 10^-19 m.
If we take seriously the idea that the Planck Length of on the order of 10^-35 m is the smallest meaningful scale, that leaves 16 orders of magnitude for things to happen without empirical evidence. That is in fact a huge range with large possibilities. Some of the dimensions could be hidden inside others. E.g., there could be one or more dimensions that roll up into something like a cylinder in which all the others are lost to our view, or they all could be rolled up cylinders like the garden hose example that is frequently mentioned. If you were to look at a garden hose from a quarter mile away, it would seem to be one dimensional - just a curved line. If you look closer, you see that it has two other dimensions that are rolled into a small region. Of course I'm trying to use our known three dimensions of space to visualize things that are currently just about totally unknown.
Basically for M-theory to work with 11 dimensions, 7 of them must exist only on scales too small for us to notice at this time. Yet they would have important consequences concerning structures of particles that we can detect as well as the interactions between these particles. I'm not betting on it working, but if it does work, it will be amazing."
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